Brushes



S. J. BEDELL July 25, 1961 BRUSHES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 3, 1958FIG.I.

I GJ

INVENToR Sidney J. Bedell FIG.3.

ATTORNEY s. J. BEDELL.v

July 25, 1961 BRUSHES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 3, 1958 mmmmmmmmFIG.5.

6N mw F INVENTOR. Sidney J. Bedel! BY M /f vm ATTORNEY Patented July 25,1961 2,993,221 BRUSHES Sidney l'. Bedell, Brooklyn, NY., assignor toPitegol Brothers, llnc., a corporation of New York Filed Sept. 3, 1958,Ser. No. 758,753 7 Claims. (Cl. 15-193) This invention relates tobrushes and the method of manufacture thereof, and particular-ly to themanufacture of paint and paper-hanging brushes.

Among the objects of the invention are: To provide a superior brush inwhich the bristles or other filling material of a brush are so 'firmlysecured that continual pounding and brushing normally and usuallyencountered during use of the brush will not cause the bristles or othersaid brush iilling material to loosen and fall out; to strengthen andimprove the adhesion between the butt end of the bristles or otheriilling material of a brush and the surrounding ferrule; and to simplifythe manufacture of such brushes while enhancing the appearance of thebrushes. Y

Briefly, the brush of the invention comprises a bristle or other`filling material of a brush the butt end of which is surrounded,enclosed or encased by a metal ferrule having apertures above and belowthe marginal edge of the butt of lthe bristle or said filling material.These apertures are relatively close to one another, substantiallyuniformly spaced, and extend around the entire periphery of the ferrule.During manufacture, a suitable liquid compound or cement, such as rubberor an epoxy resin, `fills the ferrule to a line above the apertures. Toprevent the cement from oozing out of the apertures before the cement iscured or set, a masking tape is placed iirmly around the ferrule band,in a position adjacent to the outer surface of the ferrule, in suchmanner as to close the apertures at the outer surface of the ferrule.The insertion of the cement into the Aferrule causes the cement topenetrate the butt portion of the bristles or brush filling material,and to lill the apertures both above and below the marginal butt edge ofthe bristles or said filling material during the setting or curingoperation. The cement adheres both to the metal inner surface of theferrule and to the apertures which key the cement or compound into themetal of the ferrule. The apertures or holes thus provide mechanicalkeying or locking which considerably strengthens the adhesion of thecement to the ferrule. Because the cement extends above the marginaledge of the butt of the bristles or brush 'filling materials and intothe apertures at relatively short spaces, substantially uniformly spacedaround the ferrule, the tendency of the cement to crack and loosen as aresult of pounding or brushing of the bristles or brush iilling materialafter repeated usage of the brush, is removed or appreciably reduced.The butt end of the bristles or said filling materials thus cannot beforced through the upper end of the ferrule, in the brush of theinvention. Furthermore, the bristles or other brush filling materials,in the brush of the invention, are so firmly `secured by reason of thisaforedescribed mechanical keying that continual pounding and brushingnormally and usually encountered during the use of this brush will notcause said bristles or filling materials to loosen and fall out.

An important feature of the invention lies in the use of the aperturesor holes which extend above the butt end of the bristles or said iillingmaterial thereby providing numerous separate and localized supports forthe cast plastic mass constituting the cementing compound. Although theapertures above lthe butt end of the bristles or said illing materialare substantially uniformly spaced around the ferrule, to mechanicallylock or Ikey the cement into the ferrule, the design is such that thereis appreciable metal ferrule surface between these apertures to enableadhesion of the cement to the metal itself. Cracking or loosening of theset or cast plastic cement due to stresses and strains on the bristlesor said lilling materials is thereby prevented.

Another feature of the invention resides in the flange at the lower endof the ferrule, which limits the travel of the handle for the brushduring manufacturing operations, thereby simplifying the method ofmanufacture. The use of the flange on the ferrule also enhances theornamental effect of the brush and results in a highly attractivearticle of manufacture.

Advantages of the brush of the invention are: (l) the cement or compoundas aforedescribed above the butt end of the bristles or brush fillingmaterials prevents the said bristles or said filling materials frombeing forced through the upper end of the ferrule and loosening of thecast compound which might otherwise occur as a result of continualpounding of the bristles or such other brush filling materials; (2) theapertures or holes above the butt end of the bristles aid in curing orsetting of the cement by permitting the curing medium (which might beair or heat) to penetrate the cement substantially uniformly around theentire area of the filled-in ferrule. This reduces the tendency on thepart of the set cement to crack; and (3) the numerous apertures or holesin the ferrule at locations above the butt end of the bristles or suchother filling materials provide separate and lo` calized supports forthe set or cast plastic mass.

A more detailed description of the invention follows,v

in conjunction with a drawing, wherein:

YFIG. 1 shows a paper-hanging brush made in accordance with theinvention, with the handle spaced from the bristle portion of the brushin order to more clearly illustrate the cooperating elements of thebrush;

FIG. 2 shows the paper-hanging brush of FIG. 1 with the handle andbristle portion of the brush assembled as a finished article ofmanufacture;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the brush of FIG. 2 along the line 3 3;

FIG. 4 is a modification of bristle portion of the brush of theinvention, showing the use of angularly positioned slots in the metalferrule instead ofV round apertures `or holes as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 5 and i6 show two different paint brushes made."

in accordance with the invention. The brush of FIG..6

differs `from that of FIG. 5 mainly in the use of beads.

on the ferrule; and

FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the brush of FIG. 6 along the line 7-7.

Throughout the figures of the drawing the same parts tion comprising abunch of bristles 14 the upper or buttk end 16 of which is surrounded bya metal Iferrule 1-8. Ferrule .18 is a comparatively wide metal bandwhich extends above the butt end 16 of the bristles and is united firmlyto the bunch 14. The ferrule is provided with a metallic liange 17 whichacts as a stop or rest f or the handle 10 when the handle is placed uponthe ferrule in assembling the brush parts to make a complete or finishedarticle.

Ferrule 18 is provided with two series of holes or apertures which passcompletely through the metal of the ferrule. shape such as circular,rectangular or triangular, are

relatively closely spaced, and substantially uniformly positioned aroundthe entire periphery of the ferrule.Y The upper or top series 19 ispositioned above the butt end" 16 of the bunch of bristles 14 while thelower series 2,0

These apertures, which may take any suitableV isV positioned below thetop or butt end 16 of the bunch of bristles. The -apertures 19 arestaggered with respect to apertures 20 to provide more metal surfacebetween holes in the two series than would be available if placedone'directly above the other.

Surrounding the outer surface of the ferrule 18 is a thin paper maskingtape 2-1 which serves to prevent the cement or compound 22 from oozingout of the apertures 19 and 2t) during the process of manufacture. Themasking tape 21 is cut away in FIG. 1 in order to show more clearly thelocation of the apertures 19 and 20. It should be noted that the cementnot only penetrates the bristles at the top edge of the butt end 16 butalso extends above the top edge of the butt end 16, and also fills upthe apertures in both series 19 and 2t).

The cement 22 may be a soft rubber compound which sets or hardens uponthe application of heat during the vulcanizing process, or a suitableepoxy resin provided with or without an accelerator for hastening thesetting of the mass. During curing or setting, the cement will swell andflow into the apertures 19 and '20 thereby enabling the apertures tomechanically key the cement into the metal ferrule. The type of cementselected is such as to adhere firmly to the metal itself of the ferrule.The apertures thus provide separate and localized supports for the castor set plastic mass (cement). The additional metal surface between thestaggered apertures in the two series 19 and 20 provides additionalsupport for the set cement by virtue of the adhesion of the cement tothe inner'metal surface of the ferrule.

In the process of manufacturing the bristle end of the brush, a suitableamount of stock (let us say, for example, 4 ounces) of bristles isweighed to constitute the bunch. This amount of stock is sufficient toassure a tight t within the ferrule. If additional tightness is requiredbetween the butt of the bristle bunch and the ferrule, a ller of woodcan be inserted between the exposed portions of the bristles at the buttend, in a manner well known in the industry. The bristle bunch is thenpushed into and out of the ferrule for the proper distance by means of asizing block. This step is known as sizing for the trim or length ofbristle outv of the ferrule. In the practice of the invention, the edgeof the butt end of the bristles will extend above the lower series ofVholes 20 to line or edge 16. Suitable cement in liquid form, such assoft rubber or epoxy resin, will now be applied through the top or openend of the ferrule to a line above the butt end of the bristles, and theferrule lled up with this cement to a point above or beyond the upperseries of apertures 19. This cement penetrates the bristles dependingupon the Viscosity of the cement, down to about a line level with flange17. If rubber is used as a cement, then heatY is applied to vulcanize orcure the compound. If an epoxy resin with an accelerator is used, heatmay or may not be applied-heat will expedite they curing or setting ofthe epoxy resin. The masking tape on the outer lsurface of the ferruleprevents thecement from oozing out of the apertures of the ferrule.

In order to attach the handle to the ferrule, rivets or pins 23 are usedto secure the parts together. Handle 10 is provided with a longitudinalslot at the bottom thereof for tting snugly over the ferrule up to apoint determined by the flange 17. It should be noted that the rivets 23pass through the ferrule on a line above the edge 16 of the butt ofbristles and not through the bristles themselves. This location of therivets 23 prevents loosening of the handle 10 from the ferrule duringrepeated application `and pounding of the brush when in use.

FIG. 4 is a modification of the brush of FIG. 2 and dilers therefromprimarily in the use of -angularly positioned slots 24 to replace thetwo series of apertures of FIG. 2. These slots extend above and belowthe top edge 1.6.of the butt endfof, the bristles, andare; filled withcement in the same manner as are the apertures 19 and 20. The slotsmechanically key the cement into the metal ferrule. The spacing betweenslots provide adequate surface area for adhesion of the cement to themetal itself of the ferrule.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show paint brushes with ferrules which differ in shapefrom the ferrule of the brush of FIG. 2. In both of these iigures, themasking tape 21 shown in the cross-section of FIG. 7 has not beenillustrated in order not to conceal the showing of the apertures andbeads.

The ferrule 18 of FIG. 5 is rectangular in shape and is provided withthe two series of staggered holes or apertures 19 and 20, as in FIG. l.Similarly in FIG. 6, the ferrule 18", which is rounded at the ends, isalso provided with the same two series of apertures 19 and 20. Theiianges 17' and 17 function as a stop and rest for the handles 10 and10, respectively. These handles may also be secured to the ferrules byrivets or pins, not shown, in the same* manner as the handle 10 isattached to the brush of FIG. 2.

The ferrule 1S of the paint brush of FIG. 6 is provided with a plurality(two or three) of spaced longitudinally extending `grooves 25 forfurnishing additional metallic surface area to the cement on the insideof the ferrule. During curing or setting of the cement (as in thevulcanization step of the rubber cement), the cement will ow into thegrooves and adhere to the sides thereof, thereby providing additionalstrength to the bond between the ferrule and the cement. It will beapparent that, if desired, the ferrule of the brush of FIG. 5 can alsobe provided with a plurality of spaced longitudinal beads, as describedabove in connection with the brush of FIG.

The term ferrule used in the appended claims is deemed to include a bandas illustrated in the drawings made from any suitable material, such asmetal, wood or plastic. The term bristles used in the appended claims isdeemed to include any suitable brush material, such as hair or syntheticlaments, for example nylon.

What is claimed is:

l. A brush having a bunch of bristles and a wide band ferrulesurrounding the butt end of said bristles and extending above the edgeof said bristles, said ferrule having apertures positioned -above andbelow said edge of said bristles at the butt end thereof and positionedat Ia plurality of locations around lthe ferrule, a cast plastic mass ofcement rmly securing said bristles to said ferrule, said cement enteringsaid apertures above and below said edge, whereby said apertures key orlock the cement to the ferrule above and below the butt end of thebristles, and a handle of different material from said cement secured tosaid ferrule.

2. A brush as defined in claim l, wherein said apertures are two seriesof holes, one series being positioned below and the other above saidedge of the bristles, the holes in one series being staggered relativeto the holes in the other series, 'and including a tape on the outsideof said ferrule -to prevent the cement from `oozing out of saidapertures.

3. A brush as dened in claim l, including a masking tape `on the outsideof said ferrule to prevent the cement from oozing out of said apertures,and wherein said apertures are substantially uniformly positioned aroundthe ferrule, said apertures being -angularly positioned slots, each slothaving a length which extends above and below said edge at the bu-tt endof the bristle.

4. A brush having a b-unch of bristles and a wide band ferrulesurrounding the butt end of said bristles and extending above :the edgeof said bristles, said ferrule having apertures positioned above andbelow said edge of said bristles Kat the butt end thereof and positionedat a plurality of locations around the ferrule, a cast plastic mass ofcement firmly securing said bristles to said ferrule, said. cemententering said apertures, whereby said apertures key the cement to theferrule above and below the butt end of the bristles, said ferrulehaving a relatively flat flange at the lower end thereof acting as astop and rest for the handle of ysaid brush, and a handle having itslower portion surrounding said -ferrule and its lower edge closelyadjacent said ange.

5. A brush having a bunch of bristles and a wide band ferrulesurrounding the butt end of said bristles and extending above the edgeof said bristles, said ferrule having apertures positioned above `andbelow said edge of said bristles at the butt end thereof and positionedat a plurality of locations around the ferrule, a cast plastic mass ofcement firmly securing said bristles to said ferrule, said cemententering said apertures, whereby said apertures key the cement to theferrule above and below the butt end of the bristles, said ferrulehaving a relatively 4fiat flange at the lower end thereof acting as astop and rest for the handle of said brush, said ferrule being made ofmetal, a handle having a hollow lower end surrounding said ferrlrle andcontacting said flange, and one or more pins passing through saidferrule and handle at locations above said edge of the bristles butbelow the top surface of the plastic mass of cement for securing thehandle to the ferrule.

6. In a process vfor manufacturing a brush containing fa bunch ofbristles the butt end of which is adapted to be surrounded by arelatively wide band ferrule containing apertures positioned lat spacedpoints around the periphery and which appear above and below a predetermined line defining the position of the top edge of the butt end ofthe bristles, the method of firmly securing the bristles to the ferrulewhich comprises inserting the butt end of the bristles into said ferruleup to said line, masking the outer surface of said ferrule before thecement is set to thereby prevent cement from oozing out of saidapertures, filling the open end of said ferrule with cement to a lineabove said apertures, and curing said cement to produce a cast plasticmass which enters said apertures and adheres to the inner surface ofsaid ferrule, whereby said apertures provide localized and separatesupports which key the cement to the ferrule.

7. The method of manufacturing a brush, which includes passing the bufttend of a bunch of bristles into a hollow metal ferrule having spacedapertures therein positioned above and below a predeterminedlongitudinal line, until the top edge of said bristles at said endregisters with said line, lling the open end of said ferrule with cementin liquid form to cover the apertures located above said line, thensetting said cement, thereby causing the cement to enter said aperturesabove and below said line and penetrate the butt end of the bristles,whereby the apertures provide separate and localized supports forthe setcement, `and mechanically fastening a handle to said ferrule atlocations above the top edge of said bristles but below a line formed bythe top of the cement.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS349,407 Rosenthal Sept. 2l, 1886 840,693 Graul Ian. 8, 1907 1,009,082McMillan Nov. 21, 1911 1,105,573 McMillan Iuly 28, 1914 1,372,108 TimmisMar. 22, 1921 1,431,810 Joerger Oct. 10, 1922 2,027,771 Garrison Ian.14, 1936 2,202,292 Howard May 28, 1940 2,274,002 SaltZman Feb. 24, 19422,406,732 Hardman Aug. 27, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 351,269 Great BritainJune 25, 1931 449,841 Great Britain July 6, 1936

